Preliminary reviews of state records by the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have identified as many as 250,000 noncitizens registered to vote across four states, according to DHS findings. [claim:1]

According to the DHS preliminary reviews, the identified registrations are distributed among California with 190,832, New Jersey with 35,152, Nevada with 15,903, and Pennsylvania with 14,576. [claim:2]

In New Jersey, the DHS preliminary findings note that fewer than 400 individuals who were improperly registered ended up voting. [claim:3]

State-level findings and audits

The Louisiana Secretary of State identified 403 noncitizens on voter rolls using the federal Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE) database, 83 of whom had voted. [claim:7]

An audit by the Iowa Secretary of State in 2025 confirmed 277 noncitizens were registered to vote, noting that 35 successfully voted in the 2024 election and five attempted to vote but were rejected. [claim:8]

The Michigan Department of State's review of the 2024 election found 15 people who appear to be non-U.S. citizens cast a ballot, though the department stated that credible cases of noncitizens casting ballots in Michigan are 'extremely rare.' [claim:9]

In Ohio, the Secretary of State's Office identified 597 apparent noncitizen voter registrations in 2024 and 117 in 2021. [claim:10]

An Illinois automatic voter registration system error allowed records of 574 people identifying as noncitizens to be transmitted to election officials between 2018 and 2019. [claim:11]

In 2017, then Pennsylvania elections commissioner Jonathan Marks revealed the state found 1,160 records of apparent noncitizens who self-reported and canceled; a subsequent analysis found 544 ballots were cast by identified registrants between 2000 and 2017. [claim:12]

Historical cases and regulatory gaps

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton stated that a resident alien named Rosa Ortega registered in 2002 and voted five times between 2004 and 2014. [claim:13]

The US Department of Justice (DOJ) reported that a Ghanaian national named Michael Nana Baako registered to vote in Maryland in 2005 and voted in 10 federal elections between 2006 and 2018. [claim:14]

A 2012 report from the Colorado Department of State revealed 3,903 registered voters with citizenship status in question and 430 voters who identified themselves as ineligible due to citizenship requirements. [claim:15]

Three reviews by the Florida Department of State for 2013-2017 identified 821 noncitizen registrations and 126 people with voting histories. [claim:16]

A 2017 state audit in North Carolina concluded that 41 legal-status noncitizens cast ballots. [claim:17]

MIT political science professor Charles Stewart III stated that the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) is silent on the issue of noncitizens on the roll. [claim:5]

There is currently no uniform federal requirement for a US state to disclose its findings regarding noncitizen voter registration. [claim:6]